Jung and his colleagues used the meter to evaluate the emotional sensitivities of patients to lists of words during word association. Jung entitled Studies in Word Analysis, published in 1906.
One of the first references to the use of EDA instruments in psychoanalysis is the book by C. The scientific study of EDA began in the early 1900s. In 1889 in Russia, Ivane Tarkhnishvili observed variations in skin electrical potentials in the absence of any external stimuli, and he developed a meter to observe the variations as they happened in real time. In 1888, the French neurologist Féré demonstrated that skin resistance activity could be changed by emotional stimulation and that activity could be inhibited by drugs. Vigouroux (France, 1879), working with emotionally distressed patients, was the first researcher to relate EDA to psychological activity. Hermann later demonstrated that the electrical effect was strongest in the palms of the hands, suggesting that sweat was an important factor. Thirty years later, in 1878 in Switzerland, Hermann and Luchsinger demonstrated a connection between EDA and sweat glands. He therefore attributed his EDA observations to muscular phenomena. He immersed the limbs of his subjects in a zinc sulfate solution and found that electric current flowed between a limb with muscles contracted and one that was relaxed. In 1849, Dubois-Reymond in Germany first observed that human skin was electrically active. More recent research and additional phenomena ( resistance, potential, impedance, electrochemical skin conductance, and admittance, sometimes responsive and sometimes apparently spontaneous) suggest that EDA is more complex than it seems, and research continues into the source and significance of EDA. In this way, skin conductance can be a measure of emotional and sympathetic responses. If the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system is highly aroused, then sweat gland activity also increases, which in turn increases skin conductance. Sweating is controlled by the sympathetic nervous system, and skin conductance is an indication of psychological or physiological arousal. The traditional theory of EDA holds that skin resistance varies with the state of sweat glands in the skin.
The long history of research into the active and passive electrical properties of the skin by a variety of disciplines has resulted in an excess of names, now standardized to electrodermal activity (EDA). Historically, EDA has also been known as skin conductance, galvanic skin response (GSR), electrodermal response (EDR), psychogalvanic reflex (PGR), skin conductance response (SCR), sympathetic skin response (SSR) and skin conductance level (SCL). A sample GSR signal of 60 seconds durationĮlectrodermal activity ( EDA) is the property of the human body that causes continuous variation in the electrical characteristics of the skin.
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